Research 

Chen ZH, Mousavi S, Mandhane PJ, Simons E, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, and Miliku K. Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Obesity Development in Canadian Children. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jan 31;8(1):e2457341. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57341.
Media Coverage Temerty News, UK DailyMail, Canadian Press (French ver.), Toronto Star, Medscape, CityNews Radio

Miliku K, Reyna ME, Medeleanu M, Dai R, Dubeau A, Lefebvre DL, Wright K, Dawod B, Beck M, Brooks E, Kobor M, Duan Q, Brook JR, Lou W, Brinkman FSL, Winsor GL, Cook J, Becker AB, Simons E, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Azad MB, Sears MR, Turvey SE, and Subbarao P. From Fetus to Eight: The CHILD Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2024. Accepted – In press. doi:10.1093/aje/kwae397. 

Fang ZY, Stickley SA, Ambalavanan A, Zhang Y, Zacharias AM, Fehr K, Moossavi S, Petersen C, Miliku K, Mandhane PJ, Simons E, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Surette MG, Subbarao P, Turvey SE, Azad MB, and Duan Q. Networks of human milk microbiota are associated with host genomics, childhood asthma, and allergic sensitization. Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Oct 9;32(10):1838-1852.e5. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2024.08.014. 

Ambalavanan A, Chang L, Choi J, Zhang Y, Stickley SA, Fang ZY, Miliku K, Robertson B, Yonemitsu C, Turvey SE, Mandhane PJ, Simons E, Moraes TJ, Anand SS, Paré G, Williams, JE, Murdoch BM, Otoo GE, Mbugua S, Kamau-Mbuthia EW, Kamundia EW, Gindola DW, Todriguez JM, Pareja RG, Sellen DW, Mooore SE, Prentice AM, Foster JA, Kvist LJ, Neibergs HL, McGuire MA, McGuire MK, Meehan CL, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Azad MB, Bode L, and Duan Q. Human milk oligosaccharides are associated with maternal genetics and respiratory health of human milk-fed children. Nat Commun. 2024 Sept 4;15(1):7735. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51743-6. 

Wiedeman AM, Miliku K, Moraes TJ, Mandhane PJ, Simons E, Subbarao P, Turvey SE, Zwicker JG, and Devlin AM. Women in Canada are consuming above the upper intake level of folic acid but few are meeting dietary choline recommendations in the second trimester of pregnancy: data from the CHILD cohort study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2024 Jun 1;49(6):868-873. doi:10.1139/apnm-2023-0258.  

Scime NV, Turner S, Miliku K, Simons E, Moraes TJ, Field CJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Mandhane P, and Azad MB. Association of human milk fatty acid composition with maternal cardiometabolic disease: An exploratory prospective cohort study. Breastfeed Med. 2024 May;19(5):357-367. doi:10.1089/bfm.2024.0019.  

Becker M, Fehr K, Goguen S, Miliku K, Field C, Robertson B, Yonemitsu C, Bode L, Simons E, Marshall J, Dawod B, Mandhane P, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Rodriguez N, Aghaeepour N, and Azad MB. Multimodal machine learning for modeling infant head circumference, mothers' milk composition, and their shared environment. Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 5;14(1):2977. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52323-w.  

Bansal A, Abruzzese GA, Hewawasam E, Hasebe K, Hamada H, Hoodbhoy Z, Diounou H, Ibáñez CA, Miranda RA, Golden TN, Miliku K, and Isasi CR. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on research and careers of early career researchers: a DOHaD perspective. J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2022 Dec;13(6):800-805. doi:10.1017/S2040174422000071.  

Reyna ME, Dai R, Tran MM, Breton V, Medeleanu M, Lou WYW, Foong RE, Emmerson M, Dharma C, Miliku K, Lefebvre DL, Simons E, Azad MB, Chan-Yeung M, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Hall GL, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, and Subbarao P. Development of a symptom-based tool for screening of children at high risk of preschool asthma. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Oct 3;5(10):e2234714. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.34714.  

Reyna ME, Petersen C, Dai DLY, Dai R, Becker AB, Azad MB, Miliku K, Lefebvre DL, Moraes TJ, Mandhane PJ, Boutin RCT, Finlay BB, Simons E, Kozyrskyj AL, Lou W, Turvey SE, and Subbarao P. Longitudinal body mass index trajectories at preschool age: children with rapid growth have differential composition of the gut microbiota in the first year of life. Int J Obes. 2022 Jul;46(7):1351-1358. doi:10.1038/s41366-022-01117-z.  

Dai R*, Miliku K*, Gaddipati S, Choi J, Ambalavanan A, Tran MM, Reyna M, Sbihi H, Lou W, Parvulescu P, Lefebvre DL, Becker AB, Azad MB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Duan Q, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, and Subbarao P. Wheeze trajectories: Determinants and outcomes in the CHILD Cohort Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 Dec 30:S0091-6749(21)02747-0. *Shared first author. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.039.  

Miliku K, Moraes TJ, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Sears MR, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, and Azad MB. Breastfeeding in the First Days of Life Is Associated With Lower Blood Pressure at 3 Years of Age. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Aug 3;10(15):e019067. doi:10.1161/JAHA.120.019067.
Media Coverage CNN, Heart.org 

Miliku K, Richelle J, Becker AB, Goruk S, Guirguis M, Subbarao P, Moraes TJ, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Lefebvre DL, Sears MR, Filed CJ and Azad MB. Sex-specific associations of human milk polyunsaturated fatty acids and infant allergic conditions in the CHILD Cohort Study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021 Aug;32(6):1173-1182. doi:10.1111/pai.13500.

Muthumuni D*, Miliku K*, Wade KH, Timpson NJ, and Azad MB. Enhanced protection against diarrhea among breastfed infants of non-secretor mothers. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021 Mar 1;40(3):260-263. *Shared first author. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000003014.  

Vermeulen M.J, Gaillard R, Miliku K, Reiss I, Steegers E.A.P, Jaddoe V.W.V, and Felix J. Influence of genetic variants for birth weight on fetal growth and placental haemodynamics. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2020 Jul;105(4):393-398. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2019-317044.  

Miliku K, Duan QL, Moraes TJ, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Lefebvre DL, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Field C, and Azad MB. Human milk fatty acid composition is associated with dietary, genetic, sociodemographic and environmental factors in the CHILD cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Dec 1;110(6):1370-1383. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz229. 
Media Coverage: CTV News 

Moossavi S, Atakora F, Miliku K, Sepehri S, Robertson B, Duan QL, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Lefebvre DL, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Field CJ, Bode L, Khafipour E, and Azad MB. Integrated Analysis of Human Milk Microbiota With Oligosaccharides and Fatty Acids in the CHILD Cohort. Front Nutr. 2019 May 16;6:58. doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00058. 

Dhamo B, Miliku K, Tiemeier H, Franco OH, Jaddoe VWV, Wolvius EB, and Ongkosuwito EM. Maternal and fetal vitamin D are associated with dental development in childhood. Curr Dev Nutr. 2019 Mar 7;3(4):nzy100. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzy100.  

Miliku K, Felix JF, Voortman T, Tiemeier H, Eyles DW, Burne TH, McGrath J, and Jaddoe VWV. Associations of maternal and fetal vitamin D status with childhood body composition and cardiovascular outcomes. Matern Child Nutr. 2019 Apr;15(2):e12672. doi:10.1111/mcn.12672.  

Miliku K, and Azad MB. Breastfeeding and the developmental origins of asthma: current evidence, possible mechanisms, and future research priorities. Nutrients. 2018 Jul 30;10(8):995. doi:10.3390/nu10080995.  

Moossavi S, Miliku K, Sepehri S, Khafipour E, and Azad MB. The Prebiotic and Probiotic Properties of Human Milk: Implications for Infant Immune Development and Pediatric Asthma. Front Pediatr. 2018 Jul 24;6:197. doi:10.3389/fped.2018.00197.  

Magnus MC, Miliku K, Bauer A, Engel SM, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV, Lawlor DA, London S, Magnus P, McGinnis R, Nystad W, Page CM, Rivadeneira F, Stene LC, Tapia G, Williams N, Bonilla C, and Fraser A. Vitamin D and risk of pregnancy related hypertensive disorders: mendelian randomisation study. BMJ. 2018 Jun 20;361:k2167. doi:10.1136/bmj.k2167.  

Miliku K, Messu A, Franco OH, Hofman A, Steegers EAP, and Jaddoe VWV. Maternal and fetal folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations and childhood kidney outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017 Apr;69(4):521-530. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.11.014.  

Miliku K, Bakker H, Dorresteijn EM, Cransberg K, Franco OH, Felix JF, and Jaddoe VWV. Childhood estimates of glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine and cystatin C concentrations. Importance of body composition. Am J Nephrol. 2017 Apr;45(4):320-326. doi:10.1159/000463395.  

Miliku K, Bergen N, Bakker H, Hofman A, Franco OH, Steegers EAP, Gaillard R, and Jaddoe VWV. Associations of maternal and paternal blood pressure patterns and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy with childhood blood pressure. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Oct 14;5(10):e003884. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.003884.  

Miliku K, Vogelezang S, Franco OH, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, and Felix JF; Influence of common genetic variants on childhood kidney outcomes. Pediatr Res. 2016 Jul;80(1):60-66. doi:10.1038/pr.2016.44.  

Miliku K, Vinkhuyzen A, Blanken LM, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Burne TH, Hofman A, Tiemeier H, Steegers EAP, Gaillard R, and Jaddoe VWV. Maternal vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy, fetal growth patterns, and risks of adverse birth outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jun;103(6):1514-1522. doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.123752.  

Miliku K, Voortman T, Franco OH, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Burne TH, Hofman A, Tiemeier H, and Jaddoe VWV. Vitamin D status during fetal life and childhood kidney outcomes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 May;70(5):629-634. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.216.  

Miliku K, Voortman T, Bakker H, Hofman A, Franco OH, and Jaddoe VW. Infant breastfeeding and kidney function in school-aged children. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Sep;66(3):421-428. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.12.018.  

Miliku K, Voortman T, van den Hooven EH, Hofman A, Franco OH, and Jaddoe VWV. First-trimester maternal protein intake and childhood kidney outcomes: the Generation R Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Jul;102(1):123-129. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.102228. 

Other publications 

Conference Proceedings

Ross C, Deluz S, Alghazawi T, Goguen S, Chen ZH, Houlbrook D, Zahra M, Johnson-Audu J, Rawliuk T, Moraes TJ, Turvey SE, Mandhane PJ, Azad MB, Subbarao P, Becker A, Miliku K, Simons E. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis underestimates Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in evaluating whole-body total fat and percent fat in a Canadian population-based cohort of school-aged children with and without asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025 February;155(2):AB115. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2024.12.366.

Chen ZH, Mousavi S, Mandhane PJ, Simons E, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Miliku K. Sex-Specific Associations of Ultra-Processed Food Intake With Obesity in Early-Childhood. Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 July;8(Suppl 2):103321. doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103321.

Miliku K, Rossi A, Vargas MR, Chen ZH, Mandhane PJ, Simons E, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P. Don't Forget the Fathers! Preconception Paternal Adherence to a Prudent Diet Pattern: a Shield Against Accelerated Child Growth. Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 July;8(Suppl 2):103144. doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103144.

Carducci B, Chen ZH, Campisi SC, Miliku K. Adolescent Nutrition and Chronic Disease Development Through A DOHaD Lens. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2024 April;8(3):281. doi:10.3148/cjdpr-2024-020.

Moyen A, Rossi A, Tessier AJ, Helm M, Simons E, Azad MB, Mandhane P, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Miliku K. Assessing Diet in Adolescents: Validation of an Image-assisted Mobile Application. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2024 April;8(3):328. doi:10.3148/cjdpr-2024-020.

Dempsey K, Rossi A, Jenkins D, Campisi SC, Azad MB, Simons E, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Miliku K. Sex-specific associations of prenatal paternal cardiovascular risk score and obesity development in school-aged children: the CHILD Cohort Study. Ir J Med Sci. 2023 April;193(Suppl 2:S79. doi:10.1007/s11845-024-03683-9.

Commentaries 

Reyes SM, Miliku K, Chan D, Brockway M, Turner S, Kearns KA, Raimondi C, Saleem A, Kelly LE, Nickel NC, and Azad MB. Messaging and methodological considerations when researching breastfeeding and obesity. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2021 Oct;75(10):1523-1525. doi:10.1038/s41430-021-00867-9. 

Editorials 

Miliku K, Moraes TJ, and Subbarao P. Obesity and asthma: the egg, the chicken, or both? J Bras Pneumol. 2023 Jan 13;48(6):e20220441. doi:10.36416/1806-3756/e20220441.  

Letters to Editor 

Miliku K, Robertson B, Sharma AK, Subbarao P, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Lefebvre DL, Sears MR; CHILD Study Investigators, Bode L, and Azad MB. Human milk oligosaccharide profiles and food sensitization among infants in the CHILD Study. Allergy. 2018 Oct;73(10):2070-2073. doi:10.1111/all.13476.  
Media Coverage: ScienceDaily, Fox News, Global News, International Milk Genomics Consortium  

Protocols

Hart M, Saha S, Campisi SC, Miliku K. Evidence Gap Map Protocol: Assessing the influence of preconception paternal nutrition on offspring health outcomes. OSF. 2024 Aug 23. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/WKDM8.